For research and educational purposes only. Not intended for human consumption.
P21
Limited Research- •Hippocampal neurogenesis promotion confirmed
- •Alzheimer's tau pathology reduction data
- •BDNF upregulation mechanism detailed
CNTF-Derived Tetrapeptide | Neurogenesis & Cognitive Enhancement
Overview
What is P21?
P21 (also known as P021) is a synthetic tetrapeptide derived from the biologically active region of human ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Featuring an adamantylated glycine at its C-terminus for enhanced stability, P21 promotes neurogenesis, enhances synaptic plasticity, and has shown promise in Alzheimer's disease models by reducing tau pathology and improving cognitive function.
Key Benefits
Promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis, enhances synaptic plasticity via BDNF increase, reduces tau hyperphosphorylation, improves learning and memory in AD models, orally bioavailable and BBB-penetrant.
Mechanism of Action
P21 competitively inhibits leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signaling, disinhibiting neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. This triggers BDNF expression, dendritic arborization, and synaptogenesis while reducing GSK-3β activity to decrease tau pathology.
Molecular Information
Pharmacokinetics
Research Indications
Memory Enhancement
Improves spatial and recognition memory in aged and AD model mice through hippocampal neurogenesis.
Learning Acceleration
Enhances acquisition and retention of new information via synaptic plasticity mechanisms.
Alzheimer's Disease Research
Reduces tau pathology, increases BDNF, and improves cognition in transgenic AD models.
Research Protocols
Disclaimer: P21 is a research compound with no human clinical trials. All dosing is extrapolated from animal studies. Consult a healthcare provider before use.
| Goal | Dose | Frequency | Route |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preclinical Research (Mouse) | 10 nmol/g | Daily in diet | Oral |
| Cognitive Enhancement (Research) | 50-100mcg | Once daily | Subcutaneous |
| Conservative Start | 25-50mcg | Once daily | Subcutaneous |
| Intranasal (Research) | 100-200mcg | Once daily | Intranasal |
Timing: Morning administration may align better with natural neuroplasticity rhythms. Consistent daily dosing is important for neurogenic effects.
Peptide Interactions
How to Reconstitute
Important: Always use bacteriostatic water (BAC). Sterile technique is essential.
Allow vial to reach room temperature
Add bacteriostatic water slowly down vial side
Gently swirl to dissolve - do not shake
Solution should be clear and colorless
Label with concentration and date
Store refrigerated at 2-8°C
Use within 4 weeks of reconstitution
Dosing Calculator
Calculate your injection volume with visual dosing guide
To obtain 250 mcg from this solution:
Draw 0.10 mL=10 units
(1 mL = 100 units on any insulin syringe)
Draw to this mark for 250 mcg
This calculator is for research purposes only. Always verify calculations and consult protocols.
Quality Indicators
White lyophilized powder
Should appear as uniform white powder.
Clear reconstituted solution
No particles or cloudiness after mixing.
Third-party COA
Certificate of analysis showing >95% purity.
Research compound only
No human clinical trials - use with caution.
Discoloration
Yellow or brown color indicates degradation.
What to Expect
- •Week 1-2: Subtle cognitive improvements may begin
- •Week 2-4: Enhanced memory and learning capacity
- •Week 4-8: Neurogenesis effects becoming established
- •Week 8-12: Maximum cognitive benefits in animal models
- •Note: Human effects not clinically validated
Side Effects & Safety
Side Effects
- •No human clinical trials - safety profile not established
- •Animal studies show good tolerability
- •May affect other growth factor pathways
- •Long-term effects unknown
- •Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding
When to Stop
- •Unexpected cognitive changes
- •Headaches or neurological symptoms
- •Allergic reactions
- •As directed by healthcare provider
References
3 StudiesAlzheimer's Disease Model (2016)
3xTg-AD mice | Diet supplementation | 5 months | Reversed cognitive deficits, reduced tau
P21 treatment reversed cognitive deficits, increased neurogenesis, enhanced BDNF, and reduced tau pathology in triple-transgenic AD mice.
View StudyNeurogenesis and Synaptic Plasticity (2014)
Aged mice | 50 pmol/g diet | 3 months | Increased dentate neurogenesis
P21 increased hippocampal neurogenesis, dendritic complexity, and synaptic markers in aged mice.
Learning and Memory Enhancement
Mice | Chronic administration | Improved spatial memory
P21 improved performance in Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests.
Quick Start Guide
Research Disclaimer
P21 is sold for laboratory research purposes only and is not intended for human or animal consumption. The information provided on this page is compiled from published research, veterinary studies, and anecdotal reports for educational purposes. This content does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Any research involving P21 must comply with all applicable local, state, and federal regulations. BioInfinity Lab makes no claims regarding the safety or efficacy of P21 for any purpose. Consult qualified professionals for any research applications.