Longevity & Aging

Epithalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide that activates telomerase primarily by upregulating hTERT gene expression, extending telomeres by approximately 33.3% in human somatic cells and increasing proliferative potential beyond the Hayflick limit (from 34 to 44+ passages in fetal fibroblasts). Developed by Vladimir Khavinson from pineal gland extract research.

FOXO4-DRI is a D-retro-inverso peptide that selectively induces apoptosis in senescent cells by disrupting FOXO4-p53 nuclear complexes, causing p53 nuclear exclusion, mitochondrial translocation, BAX activation, cytochrome C release, and caspase-3/7-mediated intrinsic apoptosis while sparing healthy cells.

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide that promotes wound healing through keratinocyte migration, increased VEGF/bFGF expression, decorin and collagen production, elastin and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, while remodeling tissue via MMP-2/MMP-9 activation and TIMP-1/TIMP-2 modulation to organize collagen and elastin fibers.

Humanin is a 24-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide originally discovered in surviving neurons of Alzheimer's disease patients. It exerts neuroprotective effects primarily by inhibiting apoptosis via BAX binding, mitigating oxidative stress, preserving mitochondrial function, and counteracting neurotoxic insults like amyloid-beta in multiple disease models.

MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within the 12S rRNA gene of mitochondrial DNA. Discovered in 2015, it functions as an 'exercise mimetic' through AMPK activation, NAD+ elevation, and sirtuin activation, with levels declining approximately 21% in elderly populations and higher levels observed in centenarians.

Glutathione is a tripeptide called the body's 'master antioxidant,' playing critical roles in neutralizing free radicals, detoxification, and immune support.

Cartalax is a synthetic tripeptide bioregulator that supports cartilage, connective tissue, and cellular regeneration through modulation of proliferation markers and apoptosis pathways.

Prostamax is a synthetic tetrapeptide bioregulator from the Khavinson family that demonstrates prostate-specific tissue effects and epigenetic chromatin regulation properties.

SHLP-2 is a 28-aa mitochondrial-derived peptide (MT-RNR2 encoded) with chaperone-like activity binding CXCR7 (EC50 ~0.97 µM). It restores OXPHOS complexes, reduces ROS, improves insulin sensitivity (50% higher glucose infusion rates), and activates POMC neurons for thermogenesis. A K4R variant provides Parkinson's protection.

SS-31 (elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide that binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae structure, preventing cardiolipin peroxidation, and improving electron transport chain function. FDA-approved for Barth syndrome (FORZINITY), with ongoing trials for heart failure and mitochondrial diseases.

Testagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide bioregulator that supports anterior pituitary function, thyroid hormone release, and may indirectly support testosterone through TSH modulation.

Thymulin is a zinc-dependent thymic hormone that promotes T-cell differentiation and has anti-inflammatory properties, declining with age.