Gut & Inflammatory

BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide originally derived from a larger gastric protective protein fraction identified in stomach mucosa. It has attracted sustained scientific interest because it appears to interact with multiple biological pathways involved in tissue integrity, vascular signaling, and stress responses in preclinical research models.

Bioglutide is a first-in-class oral quadruple receptor agonist targeting IGF-1, GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon. Phase 2 showed 13.8% weight loss with muscle preservation.

Mazdutide is a dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist in Phase 3 trials showing up to 14% weight loss and significant liver fat reduction in MASH studies.

Orforglipron is a novel oral non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonist showing up to 14.7% weight loss, offering injectable-comparable efficacy without injections.

Survodutide is a dual glucagon and GLP-1 receptor agonist in Phase 3 trials for obesity and MASH/NASH, showing up to 19% weight loss and significant liver fat reduction.

KPV is the C-terminal tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val) of α-MSH that exerts anti-inflammatory effects primarily through intracellular mechanisms independent of melanocortin receptors. It is transported into cells via PepT1, where it inhibits NF-κB signaling, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12) while not affecting anti-inflammatory IL-10.